[Православная беседа] [Ответы и комментарии] [Написать ответ]
Отправлено Алексей Чумаков 23:14:57 12/11/1999
в ответ на:
Re (2): Как устойчиво кочует с места на место эта байка..., отправлено
Kirrr 17:58:52 12/11/1999
Кирилл, Эта теория — наследие времен Ламарка, так что действительно родственно замечательной Советской системе теорий — Опарина-Лепешинской-Лысенко-Башьяна. Кстати сказать, в настоящее время скрещивают, и вполне успешно, зебр и лошадей, и, кажется, зебр и ослов. Потомство, разумеется (как и в случае с мулами) — бесплодно, стерильно, но похоже на обоих родителей. А вот про теорию телегонии упоминает сколько-нибудь серьезно лишь энциклопедия 1910 года, и то — в разряде теорий "все менее популярных". Что касается биологии, то животные сильно различаются в стратегии зачатия. Есть виды, у которых собственно зачатие происходит много позже совокупления, есть и те где существует своебразная конкуренция (когда самцов несколько). Но никаких телегонических влияний для объяснения этого не нужно. Вот нечто из online энциклопедии: Telegony Telegony is the theory of pre-paternal influence on offspring. That is, that a previous male mate may pass characteristics to an offspring conceived by the same mother, but a different father. No evidence has been furnished to support the theory, but never the less, it was a popular belief amongst animal breeders. Вот еще нечто, из статьи про расизм: Later, when racist theories took hold of the "scientific community," the racial inferiority of the Semites was explained by the long-term adverse effects of their religion on the blood. This went so far as to revive telegony which implied that the fetus engendered by a mongrel male in a pure blood female modified the mother in its image in such a way that the later descendants of the same mother were also condemned to impurity. It is noteworthy that this idea was forwarded by Spencer and found support in many writings of Darwin. Hence the source of Hitlerian laws prohibiting mixed marriages. Another consequence of Darwinian science was the reinforcement of heredity, promoting it to the rank of a universal law, and greatly contributing to racist theories and practice. Вот тоже с сайта коневодов: (http://www.equineworld.net/janehenning/conception.html) Getting a mare to conceive is an area in which breeders have attempted to defy all but gravity. Practices of the late 19th century included throwing cold water over the mare while being served; jabbing an awl into her ear at the moment of ejaculation or (more humanely) using the moon’s cycles to influence conception. It was commonly thought that inheritable characteristics were present in the blood of the animal. Blood was regarded with great reverence and probably accounts for the term ‘bloodlines’ to describe a horse’s ancestry. The principle, which went by the grand title of the ‘telegonic theory’ (also known as saturation and infection), was that a pregnant mare’s blood was infused with the blood of the covering stallion through the developing foetus. Even after foaling, traces of the blood, and hence the characteristics of the stallion, were believed to be present in her veins and could be passed on to the next foal, even though the mare may be covered by a different stallion. Her blood was seen to be the vehicle for the accumulation of characteristics of all stallions to whom she fell pregnant. Therefore, the more foals she had, the more prepotent her blood. The theory of telegony, explained rather vaguely as being ‘through channels as yet unknown to science’, was disproved by a Professor Ewart, who experimented with a zebra stallion and a miscellaneous group of mares. Not surprisingly, in no case did subsequent matings to horses produce offspring with zebra characteristics. It wasn’t until 1900 that the work of Austrian botanist, Gregor Mendel solved most of the mystery surrounding inheritance. He came up with the discovery that the physical characteristics of living things were inherited via genes rather than the blood and introduced mathematical probability into breeding. The findings of Ewart and Mendel however, took a while to infiltrate the Thoroughbred industry. Bruce Lowe (who developed the family number system which is still in use today) used the telegonic theory to account for the difference in ability of full relations earlier this century. He asserted that if a mating produced a good result it should not be repeated, as the subsequent foals would then have too much of the sire’s blood, and thus upset the optimum balance. And despite the wide acceptance of Mendel’s work on genetics, many ‘misconceptions’ of horse breeding have made it through to the latter part of this century. A belief still carrying support in the 1950’s is that of ‘mental impression’. An example used to explain this theory is that of a whole coloured mare who suddenly produces a foal with white markings very similar to the markings of a mare currently running with the dam. Another example is that of a wall-eyed foal being produced in a paddock shared by its dam with another wall-eyed horse. The obvious line of thought is that the mare has gained a visual impression of a horse in its surroundings and has passed those characteristics on to her offspring. Recessive or latent genetic characteristics obviously weren’t considered as the cause by these theorists. The practice of walking a stallion around a mare before service originated from this idea, the belief being that if she gets a good look at her athletic, handsome mate, she will produce a foal just like him.
Ответы и комментарии: